Plant and animal range shifts and population changes
See Photo Below!
Olympic Mountains, Washington
Forest invasion of alpine meadow. Sub-alpine forest has invaded higher-elevation alpine meadows, partly in response to warmer temperatures.
Reference: Peterson, D., R. Rochefort, R. Little, and A. Woodward. 1994. Changes in sub-alpine tree distribution in western North America: a review of climatic and other causal factors. The Holocene 4: 89-100.
